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Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. What causes an ABO incompatibility reaction? What are the symptoms of an ABO incompatibility reaction? Anyone with type O- blood is called a universal donor. Those with type AB blood which has no antibodies are called universal recipients, because their plasma will not react with donated blood.
Important: This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs. What happens if a patient receives the wrong blood type? School of Medicine, Family Medicine.
If a patient receives a blood type that is incompatible, antibodies that the patient already has in his or her blood will attack the donor red blood cells and destroy them. Developing a fever after a transfusion is not serious. However, it can be a sign of a serious reaction if the patient is also experiencing nausea or chest pain.
Patients should consult their doctors if other symptoms or side effects are present. The attack triggers a release of a substance that damages the kidneys.
Symptoms include nausea, fever, chills, chest and lower back pain, and dark urine. All donated blood is screened and tested for potential viruses, bacteria, and parasites. However, occasionally these agents can still infect a patient after a transfusion. The risk of catching a virus or any other blood-borne infection from a blood transfusion is very low. The types are based on small substances molecules on the surface of the blood cells. When people who have one blood type receive blood from someone with a different blood type, it may cause their immune system to react.
This is called ABO incompatibility. People who have one blood type may form proteins antibodies that cause their immune system to react against one or more of the other blood types. Being exposed to another type of blood can cause a reaction. This is important when someone needs to receive blood transfusion or have an organ transplant. The blood types must be compatible to avoid an ABO incompatibility reaction. Type O blood does not cause an immune response when it is given to people with type A, type B, or type AB blood.
This is why type O blood cells can be given to people of any blood type. People with type O blood are called universal donors. But people with type O can only receive type O blood. Both blood and plasma transfusions must be matched to avoid an immune reaction.
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